How to prevent and mitigate against ammonium nitrate explosions?

The risk of ammonium nitrate detonations can be reduced by the implementation of several measures regarding the storage of the chemical. Measures include preventing ammonium nitrate from entering its less stable, molten state due to exposure to intense heat from fires. This includes ensuring the storage facility is of non-combustible construction (things that do not burn), prohibiting the use of wooden storage bins, and mandating the use of automatic water-based suppression systems.

In addition, other modifications to the ammonium nitrate storage facilities include:

1. that the flooring be sloped in a manner that promotes positive drainage of liquids, whether water or molten material in the case of a fire, away from the storage area to an open, unconfined area free from incompatible materials;
   
2. the removal of potential confinement such as nearby pipes, drains, sumps, pits, etc.; and
   
3. separating ammonium nitrate from other highly combustible materials or potential contaminants

The consequences of a potential ammonium nitrate detonation and its impact on neighbouring facilities can also be reduced through limits on the amount of stored volume or by mandating exclusion zones to ensure a safe location in the event of a fire and the risk of an explosion. Bulk storage limits can reduce the amount of ammonium nitrate that could potentially contribute to the destructive energy produced by detonation.

Implementing simple measures such as these would help prevent or greatly limit future catastrophic events that can arise from the improper storage of ammonium nitrate.